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But he changed his mind when he read the poems to Tammy.Įlle a adoré les poèmes innocents que Tex avait écrits pendant sa jeunesse. Mais il a changé d'avis quand il a lu les poèmes à Tammy.Ī few years later, he had abandoned all hope of literary fame. Quelques années plus tard, il avait abandonné tout espoir de gloire littéraire. In affirmative sentences in French, it is often, but not always, accompanied by the adverb déjà (already).Ī l'âge de sept ans, Tex avait déjà rédigé dix poèmes.Īt the age of seven, Tex had already composed ten poems. In English the plus-que-parfait is indicated by had + past participle. In other words, the action in the plus-que-parfait is prior to another past action or moment. In past narration, the plus-que-parfait is used to express an action which precedes another past action or moment. Je n'avais pas mangé (I had not eaten), Je n'étais pas allé (I had not gone), etc. pas around the conjugated verb, which in this case is the auxiliary: The negation is formed in the usual manner by placing ne. Ils / elles étaient allé(e)s, they had gone Il, elle / on était allé(e), he, she (it) / one had gone Ils / elles avaient mangé, they had eaten Il, elle / on avait mangé, he, she (it) / one had eaten Plus-que-parfait = auxiliary in the imparfait + past participle of verb The choice of auxiliary, être or avoir, is the same as for the passé composé (the Alamo of être applies). We had not yet returned from the market.The pluperfect ( le plus-que-parfait) is formed with the auxiliary in the imparfait followed by the past participle of the verb. Nous n’étions pas encore rentrés du marché. The car had broken down before reaching the bridge. La voiture était tombée en panne avant d’arriver au pont. They (masculine) had not yet made dinner when the family arrived. Ils n’avaient pas encore préparé le dîner quand la famille est arrivée. Nous n’avions pas encore écrit les lettres.
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Nous avons trouvé le livre que tu avais perdu.Īvant d’être professeur, Richard avait été homme d’affaires.īefore being a professor, Richard had been a businessman. The reservations? He had made them for us this morning. Les réservations? Il nous les avait faites ce matin. The same is true for the adverbial pronouns Y and EN. Remember that direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and reflexive pronouns are placed in FRONT of the conjugated auxiliary verb. They had not yet been born when we moved. Ils n’ étaient pas encore nés quand nous avons déménagé. Guillaume said that he had missed the bus.Īs with other compound tenses, in a negative statement ne (or n’) precedes the conjugated auxiliary verb and the remaining negative expression follows the auxiliary verb. Guillaume a dit qu’il avait manqué le bus. ( Fact: He hadn’t studied, so he didn’t pass the exam.)Īnd, just like in English, the Past Perfect is also used in indirect (reported) speech: If he had studied, he would have passed the exam. S’il avait étudié, il aurait réussi à l’examen. The Past Perfect is also used to discuss hypothetical past events. She had already woken up when the alarm clock went off. You (informal) had learned French before traveling to Quebec.Įlle s’ était déjà réveillée quand le réveille-matin a sonné. Tu avais appris le français avant de voyager au Québec. You all had already finished your homework when we arrived. Vous aviez déjà fini vos devoirs quand nous sommes arrivés.
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The Past Perfect is used to discuss an action that had already happened before another past action took place. The Past Perfect – also called the Pluperfect (le plus-que-parfait) – is f0rmed with the imperative tense (l’imparfait) form of the auxiliary verb ( AVOIR or ÊTRE) + the past participleof the main verb.Īll rules that apply to the choice of auxiliary verb and past participle agreement in the Passé Composé are identical to the rules for the Past Perfect. They use a conjugated auxiliary verb (either AVOIR or ÊTRE) combined with the past participle of the main verb. Perfect tenses are also known as compound tenses. La grammaire française: le plus-que-parfait Creative Commons Image via The LEAF Projectįrench Grammar: The Past Perfect (Pluperfect)